Reverse Osmosis Equipment: The Core Of Modern Water Treatment Technology（一）
Reverse Osmosis Equipment: The Core Of Modern Water Treatment Technology（一）
1.Overview of Reverse Osmosis Technology
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a physical separation technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to selectively filter water molecules under pressure. As one of the most advanced water treatment technologies today, reverse osmosis equipment has been widely used in many fields such as seawater desalination, pure water preparation, and wastewater reuse.
The core principle of reverse osmosis technology is to apply an external force higher than the osmotic pressure of the solution so that the solvent (usually water) in the solution passes through the semipermeable membrane, while the solute (such as salt, heavy metals, organic matter, etc.) is retained, thereby achieving the separation of solute and solvent. This process is opposite to the natural osmosis phenomenon, so it is called "reverse osmosis".
2. Main components of reverse osmosis equipment
A complete set of reverse osmosis equipment usually consists of the following key parts:
1.1 Pretreatment system: including multi-media filters, activated carbon filters and precision filters, etc., used to remove suspended matter, colloids, residual chlorine and other substances in water that may contaminate the RO membrane.
1.2 High-pressure pump: Provides sufficient pressure (usually 10-70bar) for the reverse osmosis process to overcome the osmotic pressure and allow water molecules to pass through the RO membrane.
1.3 Reverse osmosis membrane assembly: the core part of the equipment, made of semi-permeable membrane, which determines the desalination rate and water flux of the equipment.
1.4 Control system: including monitoring and control devices for parameters such as pressure, flow, conductivity, etc.
1.5 Post-treatment system (optional): such as ultraviolet sterilizer, mixed bed ion exchange, etc., used to further improve water quality.
